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_________________________________________________________________
NNAAMMEE
Opt_Parse, Opt_PrintUsage - Manage command line options
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
##iinncclluuddee <<ooppttiioonn..hh>>
int OOpptt__PPaarrssee(_a_r_g_c_, _a_r_g_v_, _o_p_t_i_o_n_A_r_r_a_y_, _n_u_m_O_p_t_i_o_n_s_, _f_l_a_g_s)
void OOpptt__PPrriinnttUUssaaggee(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_N_a_m_e_, _o_p_t_i_o_n_A_r_r_a_y_, _n_u_m_O_p_t_i_o_n_s)
AARRGGUUMMEENNTTSS
int _a_r_g_c (in) Number of arguments on
command line.
char _*_*_a_r_g_v (in/out) Command line arguments
passed to main program.
char _*_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_N_a_m_e (in) Name of the program being
run, usually _a_r_g_v[0].
Option _*_o_p_t_i_o_n_A_r_r_a_y (in) An array of option
descriptions.
int _n_u_m_O_p_t_i_o_n_s (in) Number of elements in
optionArray, usually
obtained using the
OOpptt__NNuummbbeerr macro, e.g.
OOpptt__NNuummbbeerr(optionArray).
int _f_l_a_g_s (in) If non-zero, then it spec-
ifies one or more flags
that control the parsing
of arguments. Different
flags may be OR'ed
together. The only flags
currently defined are
OPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING and
_______________________________________O_P_T___O_P_T_I_O_N_S___F_I_R_S_T_._________
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
OOpptt__PPaarrssee parses the command line arguments of a program
according to an array of option descriptions. Starting with
_a_r_g_v[1], it parses as many options as it can and returns the
rest of the options in the _a_r_g_v array, compacted to the
beginning of the array (starting with _a_r_g_v[1]). The return
value indicates how many options are returned in the _a_r_g_v
array (including _a_r_g_v[0]). Opt_Parse returns options that
don't start with ``-'' unless they are arguments for options
that it parses. OOpptt__PPaarrssee also returns any options follow-
ing an OOPPTT__RREESSTT option (see below for more details).
Each element of the array _o_p_t_i_o_n_A_r_r_a_y has the following
structure: ttyyppeeddeeff ssttrruucctt Option {
iinntt _t_y_p_e;
cchhaarr*_k_e_y;
cchhaarr*_v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r;
cchhaarr*_d_o_c_M_s_g; } Option;
The _k_e_y field is a string that identifies this option. For
example, if _k_e_y is ffoooo, then this Option will match a --ffoooo
command-line option. If _k_e_y is the empty string (``'') then
it matches a -- command-line option. If _k_e_y is NULL, the
Option will not match any command-line options (this feature
is only useful for OPT_DOC options). _D_o_c_M_s_g is a
documentation string to print out as part of a help message.
The _t_y_p_e field determines what to do when this Option is
matched. It also determines the meaning of the _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r
field. _T_y_p_e should always be specified using one of the
following macros:
OOPPTT__TTRRUUEE
Treats _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r as the address of an integer, and
stores the value 1 in that integer.
OOPPTT__FFAALLSSEE
Treats _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r as the address of an integer and stores
the value 0 in that integer.
OOPPTT__CCOONNSSTTAANNTT(_v_a_l_u_e)
This is a generalized form of OPT_TRUE and OPT_FALSE.
Treats _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r as the address of an integer and stores
_v_a_l_u_e in that integer. _V_a_l_u_e must be a positive inte-
ger.
OOPPTT__IINNTT
The next argument after the one matching _k_e_y must con-
tain an integer string in the format accepted by ssttrrttooll
(e.g. ``0'' and ``0x'' prefixes may be used to specify
octal or hexadecimal numbers, respectively). _V_a_l_u_e_P_t_r
will be treated as the address of an integer, and the
value given by the next argument will be stored there.
OOPPTT__TTIIMMEE
The next argument after the one matching _k_e_y must con-
tain a string that is parsable as a date and time.
Currently, only two formats are recognized: _s_e_c_o_n_d_s
and _y_y.._m_m.._d_d.._h_h.._m_m.._s_s
The first form is simply the number of seconds since
the start of the epoch (1 January 1970, 0 hours GMT).
The second form specifies the year (e.g., 91 or 1991),
month (1-12), day of the month, hours (0-23), minutes
(0-59), and seconds (0-59). All fields must be speci-
fied. _V_a_l_u_e_P_t_r will be treated as the address of a
ttiimmee__tt (defined in <<ttiimmee..hh>>), and the given time will
be stored there. All times are in terms of the current
timezone and daylight savings rules.
Note that this flavor can clobber the static buffer
used by the llooccaallttiimmee library routine.
OOPPTT__FFLLOOAATT
The next argument after the one matching _k_e_y must con-
tain a floating-point number in the format accepted by
ssttrrttooll. _V_a_l_u_e_P_t_r will be treated as the address of an
double-precision floating point value, and the value
given by the next argument will be stored there.
OOPPTT__SSTTRRIINNGG
Treats _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r as the address of a (char *), and
stores a pointer to the next argument in the location
pointed to by _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r.
OOPPTT__DDOOCC
This option is intended primarily as a way of printing
extra documentation during help message printouts. It
isn't normally used as an actual option (and normally
its _k_e_y field is NULL). If it is invoked as an option,
then the same thing happens as for the ``-?'' option:
descriptions get printed for all options in _o_p_t_i_o_n_A_r_r_a_y
and OOpptt__PPaarrssee calls exit(0) to terminate the process.
OOPPTT__RREESSTT
This option is used by programs that allow the last
several of their options to be the name and/or options
for some other program. If an OOPPTT__RREESSTT option is
found, then OOpptt__PPaarrssee doesn't process any of the
remaining arguments; it returns them all at the begin-
ning of _a_r_g_v. In addition, OOpptt__PPaarrssee treats _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r
as the address of an integer value, and stores in that
value the index of the first of the OOPPTT__RREESSTT options in
the returned _a_r_g_v. This allows the program to distin-
guish the OOPPTT__RREESSTT options from other unprocessed
options that preceeded the OOPPTT__RREESSTT.
OOPPTT__FFUUNNCC
When one of these options is encountered, _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r is
treated as the address of a function which is then
called with the following calling sequence: iinntt
_f_u_n_c_(_o_p_t_S_t_r_i_n_g_, _n_e_x_t_A_r_g_)
cchhaarr *_o_p_t_S_t_r_i_n_g;
cchhaarr *_n_e_x_t_A_r_g; { }
The _o_p_t_S_t_r_i_n_g parameter points to the current option,
and _n_e_x_t_A_r_g points to the next option from _a_r_g_v (or
NULL if there aren't any more options in _a_r_g_v. If _f_u_n_c
uses _n_e_x_t_A_r_g as an argument to the current option (so
that Opt_Parse should skip it), then it should return
1. Otherwise it should return 0.
OOPPTT__GGEENNFFUUNNCC
Treat _v_a_l_u_e_P_t_r as the address of a function and pass
all of the remaining arguments to it in the following
way: iinntt _g_e_n_f_u_n_c_(_o_p_t_S_t_r_i_n_g_, _a_r_g_c_, _a_r_g_v_)
cchhaarr *_o_p_t_S_t_r_i_n_g;
iinntt _a_r_g_c;
cchhaarr **_a_r_g_v; { }
_A_r_g_c and _a_r_g_v refer to all of the options after the one
that triggered the call, and _o_p_t_S_t_r_i_n_g points to the
triggering option. _G_e_n_f_u_n_c should behave in a fashion
similar to OOpptt__PPaarrssee: parse as many of the remaining
arguments as it can, then return any that are left by
compacting them to the beginning of _a_r_g_v (starting at
_a_r_g_v[0]). _G_e_n_f_u_n_c should return a count of how many
arguments are left in _a_r_g_v_; OOpptt__PPaarrssee will process
them.
FFLLAAGGSS
OOPPTT__AALLLLOOWW__CCLLUUSSTTEERRIINNGG
This will permit several options to be clustered
together with a single ``-'', e.g., ``foo -abc'' will
be handled the same way as ``foo -a -b -c''.
OPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING is likely to cause confusing
behavior unless each option is identified with a single
character.
OOPPTT__OOPPTTIIOONNSS__FFIIRRSSTT
This causes OOpptt__PPaarrssee to stop parsing the command line
anytime something that is not an option is detected.
Thus, a program that takes some options followed by a
command to execute (along with that command's options)
can parse its own options using OPT_OPTIONS_FIRST.
When the command to execute is encountered, assuming it
does not begin with a hyphen, OOpptt__PPaarrssee will return the
command and its arguments starting at _a_r_g_v[1], ignoring
any arguments with hyphens following the first non-
option.
UUSSAAGGEE MMEESSSSAAGGEE
OOpptt__PPrriinnttUUssaaggee may be invoked to print out all the documen-
tation strings (plus option names and default values) for a
command's options. If OOpptt__PPaarrssee encounters an option ``-?''
or ``-help'', then it will call OOpptt__PPrriinnttUUssaaggee and exit.
Note: in some shells the question-mark must be escaped
(e.g., ``foo -\?'' in _c_s_h).
EEXXAAMMPPLLEE
Here is an example definition of a set of option descrip-
tions and some sample command lines that use the options.
Note the effect on argc and argv; command arguments that
get interpreted as options or option values are eliminated
from argv, and argc is updated to reflect reduced number of
arguments. /*
* Define and set default values for globals.
*/ Boolean debugFlag = FALSE; int numReps = 100; char
defaultFileName[] = "out"; char *fileName = defaultFileName;
Boolean exec = FALSE;
/*
* Define option descriptions.
*/ Option optionArray[] = {
OPT_TRUE, "X", (char *) &debugFlag, "Turn on debugging
printfs",
OPT_INT, "N", (char *) &numReps, "Number of repeti-
tions",
OPT_STRING, "of", (char *) &fileName, "Output filename",
OPT_REST, "x", (char *) &exec,
"File to exec, followed by any arguments (must be
last argument).", };
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[]; {
Opt_Parse(argc, argv, optionArray,
Opt_Number(optionArray),
OPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING);
/*
* the rest of the program.
*/ }
Note that default values can be assigned to option vari-
ables. Also, numOptions gets calculated by the compiler in
this example. Here are some example command lines and their
effects. prog -N 200 infile # just sets the numReps
variable to 200 prog -of out200 infile # sets fileName to
reference "out200" prog -XN 10 infile # sets the debug
flag, also sets numReps In all of the above examples, the
return value from Opt_Parse will be 2, _a_r_g_v[0] will be
``prog'', _a_r_g_v[1] will be ``infile'', and _a_r_g_v[2] will be
NULL.
KKEEYYWWOORRDDSS
arguments, command line, options


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'\" Copyright 1991 Regents of the University of California
'\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
'\" documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
'\" granted, provided that this notice appears in all copies.
'\" The University of California makes no representations about
'\" the suitability of this material for any purpose. It is
'\" provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
'\"
'\" $Header: /home/srilm/CVS/srilm/misc/doc/Opt.man,v 1.4 1991/01/28 17:00:56 kupfer Exp $ SPRITE (Berkeley)
'/"
.so \*(]ltmac.sprite
.HS Opt lib
.BS
.SH NAME
Opt_Parse, Opt_PrintUsage \- Manage command line options
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fB#include <option.h>\fR
.sp
int
\fBOpt_Parse\fR(\fIargc, argv, optionArray, numOptions, flags\fR)
.sp
void
\fBOpt_PrintUsage\fR(\fIcommandName, optionArray, numOptions\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Option *optionArray
.AP int argc in
Number of arguments on command line.
.AP char **argv in/out
Command line arguments passed to main program.
.AP char *commandName in
Name of the program being run, usually \fIargv\fR[0].
.AP Option *optionArray in
An array of option descriptions.
.AP int numOptions in
Number of elements in optionArray, usually obtained using the
\fBOpt_Number\fR macro, e.g. \fBOpt_Number\fR(optionArray).
.AP int flags in
If non-zero, then it specifies one or more flags that control the
parsing of arguments. Different flags may be OR'ed together. The
only flags currently defined are OPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING and OPT_OPTIONS_FIRST.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
\fBOpt_Parse\fR parses the command line arguments of a program according
to an array of option descriptions. Starting with \fIargv\fR[1], it parses
as many options as it can and returns the rest of the options in
the \fIargv\fR array, compacted to the beginning of the array (starting
with \fIargv\fR[1]). The return value indicates how many options are
returned in the \fIargv\fR array (including \fIargv\fR[0]).
Opt_Parse returns options that don't start with ``-'' unless they
are arguments for options that it parses. \fBOpt_Parse\fR also returns
any options following an \fBOPT_REST\fR option (see below for more details).
.PP
Each element of the array
\fIoptionArray\fR has the following structure:
.DS
.ta 2c
\fBtypedef struct\fR Option {
\fBint\fR \fItype\fR;
\fBchar\fR *\fIkey\fR;
\fBchar\fR *\fIvaluePtr\fR;
\fBchar\fR *\fIdocMsg\fR;
} Option;
.DE
.LP
The \fIkey\fR field is a string that identifies this option. For
example, if \fIkey\fR is \fBfoo\fR, then this Option will match
a \fB\-foo\fR command-line option. If \fIkey\fR is the empty
string (``'') then it matches a \fB\-\fR command-line option.
If \fIkey\fR is NULL, the Option
will not match any command-line options (this feature is only useful
for OPT_DOC options).
\fIDocMsg\fR is a documentation string to print out as part of a
help message.
The \fItype\fR field determines what to do when this Option is
matched. It also determines the meaning of the \fIvaluePtr\fR
field. \fIType\fR should always be specified using one of the
following macros:
.TP
\fBOPT_TRUE\fR
Treats \fIvaluePtr\fR as the address of an integer, and stores
the value 1 in that integer.
.TP
\fBOPT_FALSE\fR
Treats \fIvaluePtr\fR as the address of an integer and stores
the value 0 in that integer.
.TP
\fBOPT_CONSTANT\fR(\fIvalue\fR)
This is a generalized form of OPT_TRUE and OPT_FALSE. Treats
\fIvaluePtr\fR as the address of an integer and stores \fIvalue\fR
in that integer. \fIValue\fR must be a positive integer.
.TP
\fBOPT_INT\fR
The next argument after the one matching \fIkey\fR must contain an
integer string in the format accepted by \fBstrtol\fR (e.g. ``0''
and ``0x'' prefixes may be used to specify octal or hexadecimal
numbers, respectively). \fIValuePtr\fR
will be treated as the address of an integer, and the value given
by the next argument will be stored there.
.TP
\fBOPT_TIME\fR
The next argument after the one matching \fIkey\fR must contain a
string that is parsable as a date and time. Currently, only two
formats are recognized:
.DS
\fIseconds\fR
.DE
.IP
and
.DS
\fIyy\fB.\fImm\fB.\fIdd\fB.\fIhh\fB.\fImm\fB.\fIss\fR
.DE
.IP
The first form is simply the number of seconds since the start of the
epoch (1 January 1970, 0 hours GMT). The second form specifies the
year (e.g., 91 or 1991),
month (1-12), day of the month, hours (0-23), minutes (0-59), and
seconds (0-59). All fields must be specified.
\fIValuePtr\fR
will be treated as the address of a
.B time_t
(defined in
.BR <time.h> ),
and the given time will be stored there.
All times are in terms of the current timezone and daylight savings
rules.
.IP
Note that this flavor can clobber the static buffer used by the
.B localtime
library routine.
.TP
\fBOPT_FLOAT\fR
The next argument after the one matching \fIkey\fR must contain a
floating-point number in the format accepted by \fBstrtol\fR.
\fIValuePtr\fR will be treated as the address of an double-precision
floating point value, and the
value given by the next argument will be stored there.
.TP
\fBOPT_STRING\fR
Treats \fIvaluePtr\fR as the address of a (char *), and stores a pointer
to the next argument in the location
pointed to by \fIvaluePtr\fR.
.TP
\fBOPT_DOC\fR
This option is intended primarily as a way of printing extra documentation
during help message printouts. It isn't normally used as an actual
option (and normally its \fIkey\fR field is NULL).
If it is invoked as an option, then the same thing happens as for
the ``-?'' option: descriptions get printed for all options in
\fIoptionArray\fR and \fBOpt_Parse\fR calls exit(0) to terminate the process.
.TP
\fBOPT_REST\fR
This option is used by programs that allow the last several of their
options to be the name and/or options for some other program. If
an \fBOPT_REST\fR option is found, then \fBOpt_Parse\fR doesn't process any
of the remaining arguments; it returns them all at the beginning of \fIargv\fR.
In addition, \fBOpt_Parse\fR treats \fIvaluePtr\fR as the address of an
integer value, and stores in that value the index of the first of the
\fBOPT_REST\fR options in the returned \fIargv\fR. This allows the
program to distinguish the \fBOPT_REST\fR options from other
unprocessed options that preceeded the \fBOPT_REST\fR.
.TP
\fBOPT_FUNC\fR
When one of these options is encountered, \fIvaluePtr\fR is treated
as the address of a function which is then called
with the following calling sequence:
.DS
.ta 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c
\fBint\fI
func(optString, nextArg)
\fBchar\fR *\fIoptString\fR;
\fBchar\fR *\fInextArg\fR;
{
}
.DE
.IP
The \fIoptString\fR parameter points to the current option, and
\fInextArg\fR points to the next option from \fIargv\fR (or NULL
if there aren't any more options in \fIargv\fR. If \fIfunc\fR
uses \fInextArg\fR as an argument to the current option (so that
Opt_Parse should skip it), then it should return 1. Otherwise it
should return 0.
.TP
\fBOPT_GENFUNC\fR
Treat \fIvaluePtr\fR as the address of a function and pass all of the
remaining arguments to it in the following way:
.DS
.ta 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c
\fBint\fI
genfunc(optString, argc, argv)
\fBchar\fR *\fIoptString\fR;
\fBint\fR \fIargc\fR;
\fBchar\fR **\fIargv\fR;
{
}
.DE
.IP
\fIArgc\fR and \fIargv\fR refer to all of the options after the
one that triggered the call, and \fIoptString\fR points to the
triggering option. \fIGenfunc\fR should behave in a fashion similar
to \fBOpt_Parse\fR: parse as many of the remaining arguments as it can,
then return any that are left by compacting them to the beginning of
\fIargv\fR (starting at \fIargv\fR[0]). \fIGenfunc\fR
should return a count of how many arguments are left in \fIargv;
\fBOpt_Parse\fR will process them.
.SH "FLAGS"
.IP \fBOPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING\fR
This will
permit several options to be clustered together with a
single ``-'', e.g., ``foo -abc'' will be handled the same way as
``foo -a -b -c''. OPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING is likely to cause confusing
behavior unless each option is identified with a single character.
.IP \fBOPT_OPTIONS_FIRST\fR
This causes \fBOpt_Parse\fR to stop parsing the command line anytime something
that is not an option is detected. Thus, a program that takes some options
followed by a command to execute (along with that command's options) can
parse its own options using OPT_OPTIONS_FIRST. When the command to execute is
encountered, assuming it does not begin with a hyphen, \fBOpt_Parse\fR will
return the command and its arguments starting at \fIargv\fR[1], ignoring
any arguments with hyphens following the first non-option.
.SH "USAGE MESSAGE"
.PP
\fBOpt_PrintUsage\fR may be invoked to print out all the documentation strings
(plus option names and default values) for a command's options. If
\fBOpt_Parse\fR encounters an option ``-?'' or ``-help'', then it will call
\fBOpt_PrintUsage\fR
and exit. Note: in some shells the question-mark must be escaped
(e.g., ``foo -\e?'' in \fIcsh\fR).
.SH EXAMPLE
.PP
Here is an example definition of a set of option descriptions and
some sample command lines that use the options. Note the effect
on argc and argv; command arguments that get interpreted as
options or option values are eliminated from argv, and argc
is updated to reflect reduced number of arguments.
.DS
/*
* Define and set default values for globals.
*/
Boolean debugFlag = FALSE;
int numReps = 100;
char defaultFileName[] = "out";
char *fileName = defaultFileName;
Boolean exec = FALSE;
/*
* Define option descriptions.
*/
Option optionArray[] = {
OPT_TRUE, "X", (char *) &debugFlag, "Turn on debugging printfs",
OPT_INT, "N", (char *) &numReps, "Number of repetitions",
OPT_STRING, "of", (char *) &fileName, "Output filename",
OPT_REST, "x", (char *) &exec,
"File to exec, followed by any arguments (must be last argument).",
};
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
Opt_Parse(argc, argv, optionArray, Opt_Number(optionArray),
OPT_ALLOW_CLUSTERING);
/*
* the rest of the program.
*/
}
.DE
.PP
Note that default values can be assigned to option variables.
Also, numOptions gets calculated by the compiler in this example.
Here are some example command lines and their effects.
.DS
prog -N 200 infile # just sets the numReps variable to 200
prog -of out200 infile # sets fileName to reference "out200"
prog -XN 10 infile # sets the debug flag, also sets numReps
.DE
In all of the above examples, the return value from Opt_Parse will be 2,
\fIargv\fR[0] will be ``prog'', \fIargv\fR[1] will be ``infile'',
and \fIargv\fR[2] will be NULL.
.SH KEYWORDS
arguments, command line, options

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.\" This file contains extra Ditroff macros used in Sprite man pages:
.\"
.\" .HS name section [date [version]]
.\" Replacement for .TH in other man pages. See below for valid
.\" section names.
.\"
.\" .LG
.\" Increase font size; opposite of .SM
.\"
.\" .AP type name in/out [indent]
.\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure.
.\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out",
.\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg,
.\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be
.\" needed; use .AS below instead)
.\"
.\" .AS [type [name]]
.\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and
.\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed
.\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used.
.\"
.\" .BS
.\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be
.\" enclosed in one large box.
.\"
.\" .BE
.\" End of box enclosure.
.\"
.\" .VS
.\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts
.\" of man pages.
.\"
.\" .VE
.\" End of vertical sidebar.
.\"
' # Heading for Sprite man pages
.de HS
.PD
.DT
.AS
.if n .nr IN .5i
.if t .nr IN .5i
.nr LL \\n(.l
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.\"
.\" Define the string DY to be the current date
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.\"
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